WC添加对热压铁基预合金粉末胎体性能的影响          下载免费PDF全文

孙吉伟  沈立娜 《探矿工程》2019,46(3):81-85

针对孕镶金刚石钻头在强研磨性地层中磨损快、寿命短的问题,利用WC硬度高、润湿性好、耐磨性好的特点,向铁基预合金粉末中添加WC颗粒作为胎体骨架金属。通过测试不同WC含量的胎体试样的硬度、抗冲击韧性以及抗弯强度,寻找骨架金属WC对胎体性能的影响规律。试验结果发现,随着WC含量的逐渐增加,胎体的硬度、抗冲击韧性、抗弯强度均呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势。从微观和能量的角度出发,分析了出现这种规律的原因。最后得出烧结温度为830 ℃、WC含量为5%时,胎体的性能达到最优,此时胎体的强度和研磨性最大。  相似文献   

潮白河受水区再生水入渗盐污染模拟柱试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫永生  何江涛  郑凡东  熊燕娜  宋博 《现代地质》2009,23(6):1180-1184

根据工程地质勘察及采样测试分析,选取北京市顺义潮白河再生水受水区3种典型代表性土壤介质(砾石含砂、细砂、粉质粘土)装柱,并采用受水区再生水进行淋溶模拟土柱试验。测试结果分析表明,在3种典型土壤介质中,阳离子交换吸附作用主要体现为K+与Ca²⁺之间的交换,且粉质粘土柱中阳离子的离子交换作用较砾石含砂柱和细砂柱更为显著。另外,试验结果还表明,随着土壤介质中粘粒含量、总有机碳含量、阳离子交换容量和粘土矿物总量的增加,典型介质淋溶模拟土柱试验中阳离子交换作用达到平衡时所需要的时间也就越长,分别为砾石含砂72 d、细砂80 d和粉质粘土86 d。定量结果计算也证明：粉质粘土介质的各阴、阳离子本底含量最高,单位质量粉质粘土介质硬度及溶解性总固体(TDS)的贡献量最大,分别为5 767 mg/g和6 952 mg/g。  相似文献   

评价页岩压裂形成缝网能力的新方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郭天魁  张士诚  葛洪魁 《岩土力学》2013,34(4):947-954

页岩储层的“体积压裂”,使美国页岩气产业取得巨大成功,有效评价压裂裂缝网络形成的难易程度,是压裂开采的首要目标,目前国内外尚未发现有效的评价方法,为此开发了一种新的测试方法。针对10种岩芯,测试岩石力学参数,并对比分析常用的3种页岩脆性评价方法。采用压后裂隙结构面迹长分布的分维值和面密度对裂缝进行定量表征,并对压后崩落碎块进行对比分析。通过实验认为,杨氏模量和泊松比判别法与塑性系数判别法用于评价岩石脆性,精确度更高;脆性岩石通常表现为高杨氏模量或（和）低泊松比的特征,与单轴抗压强度、抗张强度和压入硬度没有对应关系;压裂裂缝的分布具有统计意义上的分形特征,分维可用于定量评价压后裂缝网络复杂度;硬度越高,压后裂缝密度越小;脆性越强,压后裂缝密度越大。新方法是岩石脆性、硬度和天然裂缝系统（和沉积层理）特征的综合体现,用于评价页岩压后形成缝网的能力,不仅直观可靠,而且简单有效,有利于现场推广应用,对于今后页岩气或致密砂岩气开发的理论研究和现场应用具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

A laboratory study of Equotip surface hardness measurements on a range of sandstones: What influences the values and what do they mean?     

Julie Desarnaud  Kyoko Kiriyama  Beril Bicer Simsir  Katrin Wilhelm  Heather Viles 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(7):1419-1429

The Equotip rebound tester is a simple, non-destructive technique to measure the surface hardness of materials. Having a low impact energy gives the Equotip advantages over the commonly used Schmidt Hammer on weathered rock and stone. In this study we have investigated the influence of different parameters (sample size, moisture content and surface roughness) on the surface hardness values obtained from freshly cut blocks of four types of sandstone. In a series of laboratory experiments both Single Impacts (SIM) and Repeat Impacts (RIM) methods have been used with C and D probes (which have different impact energies). Our results show that whilst sample size is of great importance we find that smaller samples can be reliably evaluated than previously reported. Moisture contents are also found to exert a more important influence on both SIM and RIM results than previously thought, with up to 26% lower hardness values recorded on saturated vs dry sandstone. Conversely, we find that surface roughness (over Sz values of 100 to 800 microns) does not have a significant impact on SIM measurements collected using the D probe. Both SIM and RIM data are found to be good proxies for compressive strength and open porosity, with SIM data collected with the C probe showing the best fits. Data collected using 3D microscopy helps visualize and quantify the small impact marks created by the Equotip and confirms that these are much reduced when using the C vs D probe. The results highlight the benefits of the Equotip to studies of the nature and deterioration of sandstone, the need for careful evaluation of any confounding factors which might influence the values obtained, and illustrate the different advantages of C and D probes. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A minimum sample size required from Schmidt hammer measurements     

Tomasz Niedzielski  Piotr Migoń  Agnieszka Placek 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(13):1713-1725

The Schmidt hammer is a useful tool applied by geomorphologists to measure rock strength in field conditions. The essence of field application is to obtain a sufficiently large dataset of individual rebound values, which yields a meaningful numerical value of mean strength. Although there is general agreement that a certain minimum sample size is required to proceed with the statistics, the choice of size (i.e. number of individual impacts) was usually intuitive and arbitrary. In this paper we show a simple statistical method, based on the two‐sample Student's t‐test, to objectively estimate the minimum number of rebound measurements. We present the results as (1) the ‘mean’ and ‘median’ solutions, each providing a single estimate value, and (2) the empirical probability distribution of such estimates based on many field samples. Schmidt hammer data for 14 lithologies, 13–81 samples for each, with each sample consisting of 40 individual readings, have been evaluated, assuming different significance levels. The principal recommendations are: (1) the recommended minimum sample size for weak and moderately strong rock is 25; (2) a sample size of 15 is sufficient for sandstones and shales; (3) strong and coarse rocks require 30 readings at a site; (4) the minimum sample size may be reduced by one‐third if the context of research allows for higher significance level for test statistics. Interpretations based on less than 10 readings from a site should definitely be avoided. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

灰色关联分析法在地下水水质评价中的应用     

韩旭 《城市地质》2010,5(2):32-35

总硬度是地下水质评价的主要指标,北京地下水作为主要供水水源,存在总硬度超标现象。本文试用灰色关联分析方法,找出影响总硬度的主要因素,分析成因机理。  相似文献   

岩石坚硬程度对核电厂地基-基础地震响应特征的影响分析     

吕涛  杨球玉  耿学勇  陈立伟  杨立建  李海波 《岩土力学》2010,31(4):1319-1325

考虑核电厂地基-基础的动力相互作用,应用显式动力有限差分法分析了地震作用下极软岩、较软岩、坚硬岩上核电厂建筑结构基础的地震响应特征,比较了岩石坚硬程度对基础加速度反应谱的影响。研究表明：随着岩石坚硬程度的提高,核电厂建筑物结构基础的地震响应有增加的趋势;在周期轴上,基础处的加速度反应谱曲线会随着岩石坚硬程度的提高逐渐向短周期（高频段）方向移动。在高频段,建造于较坚硬岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在中等频段,建造于较软岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在低频段,岩石坚硬程度对加速度反应谱的影响不显著。  相似文献   

The role of rock surface hardness and internal moisture in tafoni development in sandstone     

Lisa Mol  Heather A. Viles 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(3):301-314

The development of cavernous weathering features such as tafoni remains poorly understood. In particular, the roles played by internal moisture and case hardening remain unclear. In this study, Electric Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has been used to map moisture distribution within inner walls of tafoni developed in sandstone, and an Equotip device used to measure rock surface hardness as a proxy measure of the degree of weathering and case hardening. Seven large tafoni in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park (South Africa), varying in size and degree of development have been monitored. A dynamic relationship between surface hardness, degree of weathering and internal moisture regimes has been found. We propose a new conceptual model which illustrates the complex interaction between case hardening and internal moisture and suggests a new direction for cavernous weathering research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

气爆对煤体渗透性影响的实验研究     

曾范永  李成全  孙可明  宋维源  李赞 《煤田地质与勘探》2012,40(2):35-38

我国煤层的渗透率普遍偏低,采用常规增产改造和降压开发技术难以奏效。因此,提出了一种全新的卸压增透技术-气爆。阐述了气爆的实验原理、实验过程及气爆前后渗透率的对比。通过对40组气爆实验数据的分析研究可知:在气爆压力相近的情况下,当煤的硬度系数f为0.5~0.9,且渗透率k为0.001~0.005 D时,气爆效果更明显,部分煤体的渗透率甚至增加了10倍;同时,爆破孔深度、位置和气爆压力的大小也是影响渗透率变化的重要因素。实验结果为气爆技术的实际应用提供了数据支持。   相似文献   

济南泉域岩溶地下水水质变化分析   总被引：17，自引：7，他引：10  

李大秋  高焰  王志国  王东海 《中国岩溶》2002,21(3):202-205

济南泉域岩溶地下水水质变化研究认为,随着经济的发展和人类活动的增强,水体的总硬度、SO42-、Cl- 和NO-3等指标均呈上升趋势,且近期离子浓度升高的速率加快。从泉域间接补给区到直接补给区再到排泄区,地下水污染逐步加重,水质逐渐变差。   相似文献